Heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense, and children are among the most vulnerable during extreme heat. Their bodies heat up faster than adults’, they sweat less efficiently, and they may not recognize or communicate early signs of heat-related illness. Babies and young children are at even greater risk because they depend entirely on adults to keep them hydrated, cool, and protected from the sun.
One of the most important ways to keep a child safe during a heat wave is to ensure proper hydration. Children should be encouraged to drink water regularly throughout the day, even if they do not feel thirsty. Sugary drinks and sodas should be avoided, as they can worsen dehydration. For infants, regular breastfeeding or formula feeding should continue, and caregivers should consult a healthcare professional before offering additional water. Monitoring urine output, especially in babies and toddlers, can help identify early signs of dehydration.
Read our article on “Dealing with a Picky Eater” for tips on encouraging more water intake.
Clothing also plays a key role in managing body temperature during hot weather. Children should wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing made from breathable fabrics such as cotton. When outdoors, wide-brimmed hats can help protect the face and head from direct sunlight. Heavy or dark clothing should be avoided, as it absorbs heat and makes cooling more difficult.
Outdoor activities should be carefully planned during a heat wave. Children should play outside early in the morning or later in the evening when temperatures are lower, and strenuous activities during peak heat hours should be minimized. When outdoors, frequent breaks in shaded or cool areas are essential, and children should be closely supervised to ensure they do not overexert themselves.
Keeping indoor environments cool is equally important. Curtains or blinds can be closed during the hottest parts of the day to reduce heat buildup, while fans or air conditioning can help circulate cooler air. Where cooling systems are limited, cool baths, damp cloths, or wiping the skin with a wet towel can help lower body temperature and provide relief from the heat.
Protection from direct sun exposure is another critical consideration. Child-safe sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least 30 should be applied to exposed skin and reapplied as recommended, especially after swimming or sweating. Spending time in shaded areas and using umbrellas or canopies can further reduce the risk of sunburn and heat stress.
One of the most dangerous situations during hot weather is leaving a child in a parked vehicle. Even on days that do not feel extremely hot, temperatures inside a car can rise rapidly and become life-threatening within minutes. Children should never be left alone in a vehicle, even briefly.
Caregivers should also be alert to the signs of heat-related illness. Symptoms such as excessive sweating, unusual tiredness, dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, irritability, confusion, or hot and flushed skin may indicate that a child is overheating. If these signs appear, the child should be moved immediately to a cool, shaded area, offered water if they are conscious, and cooled using damp cloths or a bath. Medical attention should be sought promptly if symptoms persist or worsen.
Babies and young children require extra care during a heat wave. Diapers should be checked frequently to monitor hydration, heavy blankets and overdressing should be avoided, and sleeping areas should be kept cool and well ventilated. Any changes in behavior, such as unusual fussiness, lethargy, or reduced feeding, should be taken seriously.
While heat waves can be uncomfortable and potentially dangerous, simple and consistent precautions can help keep children safe and healthy. By paying close attention to hydration, clothing, activity levels, and the surrounding environment, parents and caregivers can reduce the risks associated with extreme heat and ensure that children remain comfortable and protected during hot weather.
